-The Logos Prize for Best Argument

-The Pathos Prize for Best Writing

-The Ethos Prize for Best Research

-特別獎項的獎勵與金獎相同

了解更多比賽詳情

掃描下方二維碼

添加顧問老師1v1咨詢！

【翰林可協(xié)助報名】

2024 Re:think 賽事主題

今年的比賽旨在強調(diào)話語、辯論和批判性分析在解決九個領(lǐng)域的復(fù)雜社會問題方面的重要性，包括：

●?宗教與政治

●?政治學(xué)和法律

●?語言學(xué)

●?環(huán)境

●?社會學(xué)與哲學(xué)

●?商業(yè)與投資

●?公共衛(wèi)生與可持續(xù)發(fā)展

●?遺傳學(xué)

●?生物技術(shù)學(xué)

●?人工智能

●?神經(jīng)工程學(xué)

Religion and Politics

Why has religion remained a force in a secular world?

為什么宗教在世俗世界中仍然是一股力量？

教授點評

可以說，發(fā)達國家在上個世紀(jì)左右變得更加世俗化。例如，基督教的影響力已經(jīng)減弱，人們的生活世界較少受到信仰和對教會的忠誠的影響。相反，一直有爭論認(rèn)為我們生活在一個后世俗世界中。畢竟，宗教——無論是在信仰、超越性還是意義方面——都可能被視為一個由完全褻瀆的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如經(jīng)濟理性、進步主義或科學(xué)）統(tǒng)治的幻滅世界的替代品。宗教的復(fù)興是對過去過去的蒼白提醒，還是為未來提供了希望的源泉？

閱讀清單

‘Religion in the Public Sphere’ by Jürgen Habermas (European Journal of Philosophy, 2006)

In this paper, philosopher Jürgen Habermas discusses the limits of church-state separation, emphasizing the significant contribution of religion to public discourse when translated into publicly accessible reasons.

‘Public Religions in the Modern World’ by José Casanova (University Of Chicago Press, 1994)

Sociologist José Casanova explores the global emergence of public religion, analyzing case studies from Catholicism and Protestantism in Spain, Poland, Brazil, and the USA, challenging traditional theories of secularization.

‘The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere’ by Judith Butler, Jürgen Habermas, Charles Taylor, and Cornel West (Edited by Eduardo Mendieta and Jonathan VanAntwerpen, Columbia University Press, 2011)

This collection features dialogues by prominent intellectuals on the role of religion in the public sphere, examining various approaches and their impacts on cultural, social, and political debates.

‘Rethinking Secularism’ by Craig Calhoun, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Jonathan VanAntwerpen (Oxford University Press, 2011)

An interdisciplinary examination of secularism, this book challenges traditional views, highlighting the complex relationship between religion and secularism in contemporary global politics.

‘God is Back: How the Global Rise of Faith is Changing the World’ by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge (Penguin, 2010)

Micklethwait and Wooldridge argue for the coexistence of religion and modernity, suggesting that religious beliefs can contribute to a more open, tolerant, and peaceful modern world.

‘Multiculturalism’ by Tariq Modood (Polity Press, 2013)

Sociologist Tariq Modood emphasizes the importance of multiculturalism in integrating diverse identities, particularly in post-immigration contexts, and its role in shaping democratic citizenship.

‘God’s Agents: Biblical Publicity in Contemporary England’ by Matthew Engelke (University of California Press, 2013)

In this ethnographic study, Matthew Engelke explores how a group in England seeks to expand the role of religion in the public sphere, challenging perceptions of religion in post-secular England.

Political Science and Law

What are the arguments for and against prison abolitionism?

支持和反對廢除監(jiān)獄主義的論據(jù)是什么？

教授點評

關(guān)于廢除監(jiān)獄主義的辯論對刑事司法系統(tǒng)的有效性和道德性提出了挑戰(zhàn)。一方面，大規(guī)模監(jiān)禁對邊緣化群體的影響尤為嚴(yán)重，并被認(rèn)為有助于維持和加深現(xiàn)有的不平等。另一方面，這些社區(qū)的一些成員本身已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)倡導(dǎo)“嚴(yán)厲打擊犯罪”政策。監(jiān)獄僅僅是懲罰性的，還是能有效地解決犯罪的根源？我們應(yīng)該廢除監(jiān)獄，還是應(yīng)該重新構(gòu)想和重組監(jiān)獄，以實現(xiàn)恢復(fù)性司法？思考這些問題不僅需要解決我們關(guān)于監(jiān)獄影響的經(jīng)驗證據(jù)，而且還需要謹(jǐn)慎地明確我們希望在一個規(guī)范公正的未來實現(xiàn)什么。

閱讀清單

‘All About Love’ by Bell Hooks

An exploration of love as a transformative practice and its pivotal role within an abolitionist framework.

‘Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination’ by Alondra Nelson

Chronicles the Black Panther Party’s initiatives in healthcare, offering insights into community service and resistance against medical racism.

‘Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California’ by Ruth Wilson Gilmore

Examines the origins of California’s prison system and the societal implications of mass incarceration, revealing the ties between financial wealth and prison labor.

‘Freedom Is a Constant Struggle’ by Angela Y. Davis

Explores interconnected struggles against state violence globally, highlighting the interconnectedness of resistance movements.

‘Blood in My Eye’ by George Jackson

A reflection on revolutionary readings, emphasizing the need for solidarity and learning with and from the people.

‘Pedagogy Of The Oppressed’ by Paulo Freire

Emphasizes learning alongside oppressed communities, rejecting a top-down approach in favor of solidarity and mutual learning.

Linguistics

In school we are taught to speak and write “properly”—but what does this mean? Does the idea of a “proper language” play a role, as some have suggested, in maintaining class distinctions and oppressing marginalized groups? If so, should we abandon the idea of linguistic “propriety”, or somehow reconceptualize it?

在學(xué)校里，我們被教導(dǎo)要“正確地”說話和寫作——但這意味著什么？“適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言”的概念是否像一些人所說的那樣，在維持階級區(qū)分和壓迫邊緣化群體方面發(fā)揮了作用？如果是這樣，我們是應(yīng)該放棄語言“適當(dāng)性”的概念，還是以某種方式重新概念化它？

教授點評

雖然這篇論文標(biāo)題的想法顯然與正在進行的研究有關(guān)，尤其是在英國，但問題中的詞語選擇非常領(lǐng)先（例如“壓迫”）。這個問題似乎沒有考慮到社會語言學(xué)的大領(lǐng)域，該領(lǐng)域非常積極地向公眾傳播他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。最后，像往常一樣練習(xí)詛咒記憶并“放棄”某些東西很少是一個好主意，但這應(yīng)該是揭穿一個神話。也許我們更愿意問：我們?nèi)绾尾拍軕c祝我們說話方式的多樣性，我們?nèi)绾尾拍苤鲃哟蚱普系K，從類別的范式轉(zhuǎn)向連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體的概念，或者可能更復(fù)雜的模型，從普遍存在的“你從哪里來？”的問題轉(zhuǎn)向面向未來的問題“你要去哪里？”。

閱讀清單

‘An Introduction to Sociolinguistics’ by Ronald Wardhaugh (1986)

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of sociolinguistics, delving into the study of language within its social and cultural contexts. It covers various aspects, from language variations to multilingualism, offering insights into the societal influences on language use.

‘Cultish: The Language of Fanaticism’ by Amanda Montell (2021)

Exploring the intricate language and communication patterns within fanaticism and cult-like behavior, Montell navigates through the nuanced ways in which language constructs and perpetuates fanatic ideologies.

‘Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society’ by Peter Trudgill (1974)

In this foundational text, Trudgill introduces readers to the study of language usage in societal settings. It delves into language variations, societal influences on language, and the relationship between language and society.

‘Sociolinguistic Patterns’ by William Labov (1973)

Labov’s work explores the intricate patterns and correlations in sociolinguistics, shedding light on the interplay between language use and societal factors.

‘English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and Discrimination in the United States’ by Rosina Lippi-Green (1997)

Investigating language ideologies and discrimination in the United States, Lippi-Green explores the societal biases related to accents and language variations, offering a critical view of language-based discrimination.

‘Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses’ by James Paul Gee

Gee delves into the complexities of language ideologies, literacy, and discourse, highlighting how ideologies are embedded in language use and literacy practices in society.

Environment

Does the principle of ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’ actually contribute to reducing global waste, or is it just a myth that distracts from the real issues of overproduction and overconsumption? Should developing countries be held to the same environmental standards as developed countries, despite their different stages of industrialization and economic needs?

“減少、再利用、回收”的原則是否真的有助于減少全球浪費，還是只是一個神話，分散了人們對生產(chǎn)過剩和過度消費的真正問題的注意力？發(fā)展中國家是否應(yīng)該遵守與發(fā)達國家相同的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，盡管它們處于不同的工業(yè)化階段和經(jīng)濟需求？

教授點評

從一開始，我們目前面臨的環(huán)境危機就與資本主義及其產(chǎn)生的不平等密切相關(guān)。我們能解決一個問題而沒有另一個嗎？當(dāng)你開始思考這些問題時，想想發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家之間的歷史差異和當(dāng)前的差距。世界上哪些地區(qū)消耗的資源最多，產(chǎn)生的廢物最多？誰受氣候變化和其他環(huán)境災(zāi)難的影響最大？最后，評估我們經(jīng)常應(yīng)用于環(huán)境問題的個人或國家責(zé)任框架可能被證明是有用的。它有什么好處和局限性？有沒有其他方法可以解決這個問題？

閱讀清單

‘The Colors of Nature: Culture, Identity, and the Natural World’ by Alison H. Deming and Lauret E. Savoy

This anthology examines the relationship between culture and nature, showcasing diverse perspectives on environmental justice and the natural world through essays by writers from various backgrounds.

‘Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility’ by Dorceta E. Taylor

Investigating the intersection of environmental toxins and racial discrimination in the U.S., this book highlights the struggles of marginalized communities against industrial pollution and their fight for equitable environmental protections.

‘Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants’ by Robin Wall Kimmerer

Combining Indigenous knowledge with scientific insight, Kimmerer offers a unique perspective on the interconnectedness of humans and the natural world, emphasizing mutual respect and learning.

‘Environmental Justice: Concepts, Evidence and Politics’ Edited by Gordon Walker

This comprehensive collection provides an in-depth look at the concept of environmental justice, featuring global case studies that illustrate various forms of environmental and societal inequities.

‘A Terrible Thing to Waste: Environmental Racism and Its Assault on the American Mind’ by Harriet A. Washington

Washington delves into how environmental racism, particularly in the form of toxic exposure, disproportionately impacts cognitive development in communities of color, contributing to wider systemic inequalities.

Sociology and Philosophy

Artificial intelligence is increasingly becoming a part of our lives: from Snapchat filters to deepfakes, it is becoming easier than ever for our images to be manipulated by ourselves and others alike in myriad ways.

How will AI change our understanding of beauty??How does the prevalence of AI in our lives cut across our understanding of beauty? What sorts of ethical and political consequences will this have?

人工智能正日益成為我們生活的一部分：從 Snapchat 濾鏡到深度偽造，我們的圖像比以往任何時候都更容易被我們自己和他人以各種方式操縱。

人工智能將如何改變我們對美的理解？人工智能在我們生活中的盛行如何影響我們對美的理解？這將產(chǎn)生什么樣的道德和政治后果？

教授點評

一篇解決這個問題的文章應(yīng)該考慮我們對美的理解如何與性別、“種族”、階級、年齡或殘疾/健全等社會類別相交。由于人工智能參與我們的生活，不平等可能會加深和加強，或者相反地被削弱。當(dāng)邊緣化的個人或社區(qū)參與其中時，這一點變得尤為關(guān)鍵。因此，論文應(yīng)該在美的范圍內(nèi)，在上述社會類別的框架內(nèi)討論人工智能與不平等之間的關(guān)系。

閱讀清單

‘Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence’ by Max Tegmark

Traces the historical arc of AI, exploring its societal, philosophical, and ethical implications, prompting readers to contemplate the intricate interplay between technology and human existence.

‘The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values’ by Brian Christian

Explores aligning AI systems with human values, delving into ethical dilemmas and the potential for unintended consequences, advocating for proactive approaches in AI development.

‘Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control’ by Stuart Russell

Examines ensuring safe and beneficial AI by aligning its goals with human values, emphasizing responsible AI development to avoid unintended consequences.

‘Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans’ by Melanie Mitchell

Offers a comprehensive yet accessible exploration of AI’s history, capabilities, and limitations, navigating complex concepts and emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations.

‘Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms’ by Hannah Fry

Examines the influence of algorithms on modern society across various fields, prompting reflection on the balance between human decision-making and algorithms.

‘Four Futures’ by Peter Frase

Explores potential future scenarios shaped by automation, climate change, and sociopolitical inequality, highlighting the transformative impact of AI and the importance of human choices and values in shaping our world.

Business and Investment

Do overvalued startups with unsustainable business models negatively affect competition and the overall health of the economy? Or are they rather just the regrettable, but unavoidable “bad apples” in a financial and economic system that is rational as a whole?

商業(yè)模式不可持續(xù)的估值過高的初創(chuàng)公司是否會對競爭和經(jīng)濟的整體健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響？或者，它們只是一個整體理性的金融和經(jīng)濟體系中令人遺憾但不可避免的“壞蘋果”？

教授點評

高估值和高端薪水似乎很有吸引力，但它們對初創(chuàng)企業(yè)、創(chuàng)始人、員工和社會有害嗎？估值過高的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)在市場上超越競爭對手的壓力通常會導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)始人管理不善和錯誤決策，并導(dǎo)致投資者遭受重大經(jīng)濟損失。此外，這種壓力會對員工的福祉產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，而且他們經(jīng)常會筋疲力盡。令人遺憾的是，這種壓力有時會鼓勵少數(shù)創(chuàng)始人證明這些手段的合理性，并采取不道德的方法在市場上跑贏大盤。

閱讀清單

‘Our Lives in Their Portfolios’ by Brett Christophers

Banks have taken a backseat since the global financial crisis over a decade ago. Today, our new financial masters are asset managers, like Blackstone and BlackRock. And they don’t just own financial assets; they possess significant social and economic power.

‘Democratizing Finance’ Edited by Fred Block and Robert Hockett

Argues for an entirely different financial system that benefits the collective instead of empowering the few, reimagining the structure and purpose of finance.

‘Buying Time’ by Wolfgang Streeck

Explores the ongoing financial and economic crisis, examining its complexity and the lack of understanding surrounding it.

‘Rentier Capitalism’ by Brett Christophers

Provides a critique of early-21st-century capitalism, focusing on the concentration of wealth and power.

‘The Morals of the Market’ by Jessica Whyte

Explores the relationship between human rights and neoliberalism, uncovering their place in developing moral frameworks.

Public Health and Sustainability

Discuss the conflict of sustainability, agriculture, and human health.

討論可持續(xù)性、農(nóng)業(yè)和人類健康的沖突。

教授點評

全球氣候變化及其引發(fā)的極端天氣模式正在損害我們可以種植糧食的土地的質(zhì)量和可用性。此外，對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品（GMO）的強烈反對減緩了生物工程彈性作物的進展。在農(nóng)業(yè)中實施新的基因組編輯技術(shù)的好處是否超過了先進技術(shù)和生物工程作物對社會的強烈反對？如果監(jiān)管和社會的強烈反對減緩了作物基因工程的進展，那么哪些人群受由此產(chǎn)生的營養(yǎng)不良和糧食短缺影響最大？

閱讀清單

‘The Gene: An Intimate History’ by Siddhartha Mukherjee

Explores the history of gene science, examining debates about gene resequencing, intertwined with family experiences and contributions of key scientists and philosophers.

‘A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived’ by Adam Rutherford

Reveals insights from genetics, shattering beliefs about heritage and identities by unraveling the human genome and its historical implications.

‘The Social Life of DNA’ by Alondra Nelson

Examines genetic genealogy’s impact on issues related to race, exploring uses in reconciling slavery’s aftermath, establishing ties with ancestral homelands, and more.

‘The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race’ by Walter Isaacson

Profiles the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Doudna, exploring her career and the revolutionary impact of CRISPR technology on disease treatment.

‘Gene Machine’ by Venki Ramakrishnan

Details the race for understanding the ribosome’s structure, a fundamental discovery that could revolutionize antibiotic development and advance knowledge of life.

‘DNA: The Story of the Genetic Revolution’ by James D. Watson

Charts the scientific journey from the double helix discovery to modern controversies and emerging fields like personal genomics and cancer research.

‘The Making of the Fittest’ by Sean B. Carroll

Discusses DNA’s role in evolution, presenting genetic evidence supporting the theory of evolution and its significance in shaping species.

Genetics

Gene therapy is a medical approach that treats or prevents disease by correcting the underlying genetic problem. Is gene therapy better than traditional medicines? What are the pros and cons of using gene therapy as a medicine? Is gene therapy justifiable?

基因治療是一種通過糾正潛在的遺傳問題來治療或預(yù)防疾病的醫(yī)學(xué)方法。基因治療比傳統(tǒng)藥物好嗎？使用基因療法作為藥物的利弊是什么？基因治療合理嗎？

教授點評

特別是在 Covid-19 mRNA 疫苗之后，基因療法的治療方法越來越有趣。這就是為什么思考這個問題會很有趣。我相信學(xué)生們在研究這個主題時會喜歡并學(xué)到很多東西。

閱讀清單

‘The Gene: An Intimate History’ by Siddhartha Mukherjee

Explores the history of gene science, examining debates about gene resequencing, intertwined with family experiences and contributions of key scientists and philosophers.

‘A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived’ by Adam Rutherford

Reveals insights from genetics, shattering beliefs about heritage and identities by unraveling the human genome and its historical implications.

‘The Social Life of DNA’ by Alondra Nelson

Examines genetic genealogy’s impact on issues related to race, exploring uses in reconciling slavery’s aftermath, establishing ties with ancestral homelands, and more.

‘The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race’ by Walter Isaacson

Profiles the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Doudna, exploring her career and the revolutionary impact of CRISPR technology on disease treatment.

‘Gene Machine’ by Venki Ramakrishnan

Details the race for understanding the ribosome’s structure, a fundamental discovery that could revolutionize antibiotic development and advance knowledge of life.

‘DNA: The Story of the Genetic Revolution’ by James D. Watson

Charts the scientific journey from the double helix discovery to modern controversies and emerging fields like personal genomics and cancer research.

‘The Making of the Fittest’ by Sean B. Carroll

Discusses DNA’s role in evolution, presenting genetic evidence supporting the theory of evolution and its significance in shaping species.

Biotechonology

In the near future, there’s a possibility of utilizing cells from various parts of the body to create these germ cells, also known as gametes. This innovative process, called in vitro gametogenesis (IVG), opens up the potential for producing babies using cells sourced from muscle, liver, or blood. Scientists can construct embryos, eggs, and sperm from induced pluripotent stem cells. This technology may open up many applications since, in theory, anyone can make biological babies or clones independent of their gender or age using their somatic cells. Ethical regulations have so far been implemented to limit the study.

Should we move forward with vitro gametogenesis (IVG)?further?

在不久的將來，有可能利用來自身體各個部位的細(xì)胞來創(chuàng)造這些生殖細(xì)胞，也稱為配子。這種創(chuàng)新過程稱為體外配子發(fā)生 （IVG），為使用來自肌肉、肝臟或血液的細(xì)胞生產(chǎn)嬰兒開辟了潛力。科學(xué)家可以從誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞中構(gòu)建胚胎、卵子和精子。這項技術(shù)可能會開辟許多應(yīng)用，因為從理論上講，任何人都可以使用他們的體細(xì)胞制造獨立于其性別或年齡的生物嬰兒或克隆人。到目前為止，已經(jīng)實施了倫理法規(guī)來限制這項研究。

我們是否應(yīng)該進一步推進體外配子發(fā)生（IVG）？

教授點評

例如，這項技術(shù)可能允許一對同性戀夫婦或任何年齡的一對夫婦生下他們的親生嬰兒。它還可能使年輕女性擺脫生育的社會壓力，這可能會從根本上改變我們的社會文化。如果這項技術(shù)被釋放到世界上，我們最終將面臨什么樣的世界？哪些類型的法規(guī)對于人類適當(dāng)使用這項技術(shù)至關(guān)重要？

閱讀清單

‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ by Margaret Atwood

Atwood’s enduring dystopia remains fresh, drawing parallels to real-world misogyny and offering inspiration to authors exploring feminist dystopias.

‘The Farm’ by Joanne Ramos (Penguin Random House)

Ramos delves into the exploitation of surrogates, particularly women of color, in a thought-provoking narrative that navigates ethical dilemmas within surrogacy.

‘Biotechnology in Context’ by Gale (Gale Virtual Reference Library Ebook, 2012)

An introductory encyclopedia encompassing various articles on reproductive technology, offering historical context, defining key terms, analyzing impacts and issues, and presenting a bibliography connecting readers to relevant research sources.

‘Science and Political Controversy: A Reference Handbook’ by David Newton (EBL E-book, 2014)

This reference handbook explores the intersection of science and politics, including reproductive technologies. It provides background information on the topics and offers resources for further research through an indexed format.

‘Women and Health’ edited by Marlene B. Goldman, Rebecca Troisi, Kathryn M. Rexrode (EBL E-book, 2012)

Addressing health concerns across women’s lifespans, this comprehensive reference includes Chapter 16, focusing on issues related to abortion, providing insights and discussions surrounding this sensitive topic.

Artificial Intelligence

Is AI-driven data mining serving us better or is it overriding our privacy?

人工智能驅(qū)動的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘是更好地為我們服務(wù)，還是凌駕于我們的隱私之上？

教授點評

在一個充斥著有關(guān)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ睢⑷粘＿x擇和購買偏好的數(shù)據(jù)的世界中，我們應(yīng)該考慮如何使用這些數(shù)據(jù)以及由誰使用。公司使用這些數(shù)據(jù)來加強他們的營銷目標(biāo)，這對公司和消費者都非常有幫助。政府可以使用這些數(shù)據(jù)來識別和跟蹤對社會的潛在威脅，從而挽救生命并保護社會免受暴力個人或團體的侵害。但是，我們愿意暴露多少私生活呢？如果一些公司濫用數(shù)據(jù)并調(diào)整價格或通過過度激進地針對消費者來制造偽壟斷怎么辦？如果一些政府使用相同的信息來跟蹤反對政府并損害平民自由的公民怎么辦？我們?nèi)绾卧谶m當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)挖掘和對相同數(shù)據(jù)的濫用之間劃清界限？答案可能是多方面的。

首先，收集的數(shù)據(jù)類型很重要，例如：在社交媒體上表達的意見與監(jiān)控在線購買習(xí)慣不同。雖然前者是個人的主動選擇，他們通常意識到所用平臺的公共性質(zhì)，但后者通常不是我們敏銳地意識到的在線活動的一個方面。其次，收集數(shù)據(jù)的透明度很重要。我們都勾選了“條款和條件”的框，但隱私條款通常被埋在幾頁長的小字中，很容易被忽視。重要的是要要求監(jiān)控、記錄和有時出售我們數(shù)據(jù)的網(wǎng)站提供更多警告和隱私聲明。這讓我想到了關(guān)于高吞吐量數(shù)據(jù)管理的合法性和風(fēng)險的討論的第三點，即將數(shù)據(jù)出售或泄露給二級實體的可能性，這些實體可能是邪惡的，或者只是不符合個人的利益。這是很重要的一點，因為它強調(diào)了獲取和記錄個人數(shù)據(jù)的實體的責(zé)任，以及他們對用戶福祉的承諾。

總之，這些要點使我們每個人、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶以及獲取數(shù)據(jù)的公司/機構(gòu)都負(fù)有共同的責(zé)任。雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶應(yīng)該意識到他們在線行為的公共性質(zhì)——從社交媒體活動到簡單的在線購買，但數(shù)據(jù)采集實體應(yīng)該告知用戶他們收集什么類型的數(shù)據(jù)，目的是什么，以及誰可以看到和處理數(shù)據(jù)。

閱讀清單

‘1984’ by George Orwell

A dystopian masterpiece portraying a society devoid of privacy, intimacy, and humanity, serving as a cautionary tale against the perils of fascism and a crucial read for democracy’s understanding.

‘Uncanny Valley’ by Anna Wiener

A captivating memoir delving into life in Silicon Valley, shedding light on the culture shaped by tech giants, unveiling the magnitude of data collection by big firms, and its potential misuse.

‘The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power’ by Shoshana Zuboff

An essential exploration detailing how the erosion of privacy intertwines with the modern economy, highlighting the transformation of information into currency and illuminating the normalization of mass data collection.

‘Privacy and Freedom’ by Alan F. Westin

A foundational study from the late 1960s, examining privacy in America during a crucial historical moment, offering comprehensive insights into the changes and threats to privacy, making it a pivotal text in the field.

‘No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State’ by Glenn Greenwald

A revealing account of NSA contractor Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing, exposing illegal surveillance practices by the U.S. government and triggering significant discussions about American privacy and surveillance’s future.

Neuroengineering

Breaking down the boundaries between humans and machine. In a sense, some of us can already be considered to be human-smartphone hybrids. Researchers and the tech industry are developing better and better approaches for breaking down the boundaries between humans and machines.

Will we become superhuman and immortal – and do we want to?

打破人與機器之間的界限。從某種意義上說，我們中的一些人已經(jīng)可以被認(rèn)為是人類與智能手機的混合體。研究人員和科技行業(yè)正在開發(fā)越來越好的方法，以打破人與機器之間的界限。

我們會成為超人和不朽的人嗎——我們想成為嗎？

教授點評

在許多帕金森病患者中，在大腦的某些部位植入電極可以減輕運動問題（“深部腦刺激”）。通過將大腦與計算機連接起來來恢復(fù)癡呆患者的認(rèn)知功能，這不是很神奇嗎？在日常生活中，想象一下，你可以簡單地將一門新語言或高級數(shù)學(xué)技能“上傳”到你的大腦中。有朝一日，是否有可能將我們個性的一部分“下載”到設(shè)備上，將其保存到某種虛擬的不朽中？技術(shù)和道德上的限制在哪里？

閱讀清單

‘The Denial of Death’ by Ernest Becker

A profound work in social anthropology exploring human culture as a reaction to the inescapable fact of mortality, offering insights into the neurotic aspects of human behavior and presenting an unsettling disquisition on the inherent peculiarity of human nature.

‘The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology’ by Ray Kurzweil

Kurzweil’s monumental work is a fusion of religious mysticism and technological futurism, envisioning a future convergence known as the Singularity, where AI achieves such supremacy that humans merge with technology, becoming immortal beings of infinite intelligence and capability.

‘Technics and Civilization’ by Lewis Mumford

Mumford’s 1934 polemic foresaw the mechanization of human life, contending that the machine age commenced when humans began treating each other as machines, offering a prescient critique of the mechanization of human existence.

‘A Cyborg Manifesto’ by Donna Haraway

Haraway’s provocative 1984 polemic repurposes the sci-fi concept of the cyborg for feminist discourse, depicting it as a postmodern collective and personal self, advocating for a redefined feminist identity, and challenging the male-dominated narrative of technology and humanity.

‘Zero K’ by Don DeLillo

DeLillo’s novel delves into the story of an aging billionaire seeking cryogenic preservation for himself and his dying wife, reflecting echoes of the transhumanist movement and the Silicon Valley obsession with transformative technology, encapsulating the broader paradoxes of modern culture’s relationship with technology and the desire for eternal life.

看到本次出題教授們的陣容，就知道今年的Re:think“勢頭十足”了！熱愛寫作的你千萬不要錯過這個絕佳機會！快來Re:think展現(xiàn)你的才華吧~

* 以上賽事主辦方為海外機構(gòu)，不與任何中國的大學(xué)、中學(xué)或小學(xué)升學(xué)加分活動掛鉤，其成績不會作為任何中國中小學(xué)升學(xué)或評優(yōu)的依據(jù)，僅定位為針對中學(xué)生的課外興趣活動和國際教學(xué)交流活動。